Smyrna, (Turkish İzmir, contraction of his former Greek name Σμύρνη, Smyrni "Smyrna") is the second largest port in Turkey after Istanbul, and the third city in the country in terms of population (2,610,481 inhabitants in 2006). Is located near the Aegean coast, near the Gulf of Antalya, between the peninsulas and Claxomenas Foça, and about 450 km southwest of Istanbul. It is also the capital of the province of Antalya.
Smyrna History
Smyrna was founded to 3000 a. C. by the 'léleges "in the place of Tepekule near the current Bayraklı. Between 2000 and 1200 a. C., was part of the Hittite empire, and after the collapse of the Hittite state from attacks by the Phrygian, was occupied by the Aeolian, who emigrated from Greece to Anatolia around the year 1000, following the fall of the Mycenaean Greece. He was then occupied by the Ionian, who lived with his swing.
It was conquered in 688 a. C. by the settlers of Colophon, turning it into a city-state and becoming part of the Ionian League. Remained constant battles with the nearby cities of Pergamum and Ephesus. It was conquered in 600 a. C. by the king of Lydia, Aliates, and then by the Persians in 546 a. C. Razed, the city lost the prestige of yesteryear during the following centuries, until Alexander the Great built, very close to it, a new city. 302 a. C., step under the domination of Lisímaco, a former general of Alexander the Great, after his victory over Antigonus I Monoftalmos. After the city step to be dominated by Seleucus and later by the nearby city of Pergamon (end of the third century BC-early second century BC). The Seleucus tried to retake control of the Ionian. Smyrna was beaten by Atala, of Pergamum. At 189-188 a. C., the Seleucus were expelled from the Joni and Asia Minor. Smyrna received territories for having fought alongside Rome and benefited from an independence protected by the Romans. The city received several Roman political exiles.
From the year 89 to 85 a. C., Smyrna, as all the cities of Asia Minor, said the king of Pontus, Mithridates VI Eupator in its war against Rome. Sila, Roman general, began the conquest of Asia Minor. Took Smyrna and forced all the inhabitants of the city to parade naked in the middle of winter. After the peace Dardanos (85 BC), which ended the war between Rome and Mithridates VI, Smyrna, as most of the free cities of Asia and the Aegean, entered the Roman province of Asia.
Later suffered the consequence of civil wars that beset the Roman Empire, which took under his power after occupying Pergamum.
During the advance of Christianity within the Roman Empire, was martyred within its walls Polycarp of Smyrna. The city takes relevance among Christians, to be one of the seven cities named in the apocalypse. Later, step into the hands of the Byzantines for about five centuries until in 1084 it was occupied by the Seljuk Turks, even though that occupation only lasted 13 years, since the Byzantines were able to recover again. The Ottomans, in 1322 he won the Byzantines, passing from hand to hand later, being ruled by the kingdom of Cyprus, and even Venice, the Papal States. Sacked in 1402, suffered a severe punishment: killing most of its inhabitants. The Ottomans, returned to take over in 1424 she retained until 1920, after the disintegration of the Ottoman Empire and the Greek occupation as the Treaty of Sevres. In 1922 he returned to Turkish hands after the Greek War.
The Greek community of Smyrna was moved to Greece due to the agreements of population exchange between Greece and Turkey. More than a million Greeks left the city then, one of the largest Greek population of the former Ottoman Empire. The music brought by refugees from Smyrna would be the origin of rebétiko, one of the most important Greek music genres. During World War II, the city grew thanks to its strategic location and recovered from a terrible fire 20 years earlier had destroyed the city completely.
Smyrna History
Smyrna was founded to 3000 a. C. by the 'léleges "in the place of Tepekule near the current Bayraklı. Between 2000 and 1200 a. C., was part of the Hittite empire, and after the collapse of the Hittite state from attacks by the Phrygian, was occupied by the Aeolian, who emigrated from Greece to Anatolia around the year 1000, following the fall of the Mycenaean Greece. He was then occupied by the Ionian, who lived with his swing.
It was conquered in 688 a. C. by the settlers of Colophon, turning it into a city-state and becoming part of the Ionian League. Remained constant battles with the nearby cities of Pergamum and Ephesus. It was conquered in 600 a. C. by the king of Lydia, Aliates, and then by the Persians in 546 a. C. Razed, the city lost the prestige of yesteryear during the following centuries, until Alexander the Great built, very close to it, a new city. 302 a. C., step under the domination of Lisímaco, a former general of Alexander the Great, after his victory over Antigonus I Monoftalmos. After the city step to be dominated by Seleucus and later by the nearby city of Pergamon (end of the third century BC-early second century BC). The Seleucus tried to retake control of the Ionian. Smyrna was beaten by Atala, of Pergamum. At 189-188 a. C., the Seleucus were expelled from the Joni and Asia Minor. Smyrna received territories for having fought alongside Rome and benefited from an independence protected by the Romans. The city received several Roman political exiles.
From the year 89 to 85 a. C., Smyrna, as all the cities of Asia Minor, said the king of Pontus, Mithridates VI Eupator in its war against Rome. Sila, Roman general, began the conquest of Asia Minor. Took Smyrna and forced all the inhabitants of the city to parade naked in the middle of winter. After the peace Dardanos (85 BC), which ended the war between Rome and Mithridates VI, Smyrna, as most of the free cities of Asia and the Aegean, entered the Roman province of Asia.
Later suffered the consequence of civil wars that beset the Roman Empire, which took under his power after occupying Pergamum.
During the advance of Christianity within the Roman Empire, was martyred within its walls Polycarp of Smyrna. The city takes relevance among Christians, to be one of the seven cities named in the apocalypse. Later, step into the hands of the Byzantines for about five centuries until in 1084 it was occupied by the Seljuk Turks, even though that occupation only lasted 13 years, since the Byzantines were able to recover again. The Ottomans, in 1322 he won the Byzantines, passing from hand to hand later, being ruled by the kingdom of Cyprus, and even Venice, the Papal States. Sacked in 1402, suffered a severe punishment: killing most of its inhabitants. The Ottomans, returned to take over in 1424 she retained until 1920, after the disintegration of the Ottoman Empire and the Greek occupation as the Treaty of Sevres. In 1922 he returned to Turkish hands after the Greek War.
The Greek community of Smyrna was moved to Greece due to the agreements of population exchange between Greece and Turkey. More than a million Greeks left the city then, one of the largest Greek population of the former Ottoman Empire. The music brought by refugees from Smyrna would be the origin of rebétiko, one of the most important Greek music genres. During World War II, the city grew thanks to its strategic location and recovered from a terrible fire 20 years earlier had destroyed the city completely.
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